Overview

This collection of tables provides typical values for arbitrarily selected objects and events. Some values are very well defined, such as the mass of an electron, while others are much more subjective, such as the radius of the Universe. The more subjective values are not meant to be definitive but generally represent accepted orders of magnitude.




Mass:
a quantity or aggregate of matter that a body possesses as evidenced by inertia.

Velocity:
 the relative speed and direction of a body.

Acceleration:
 the rate of change of the speed or direction of a body.

Momentum:
 the property of a body defined by its mass multiplied by its velocity.

Radius:
 the length of a straight line from the center of a circle or sphere, to its edge or surface.

Density:
 the quantity of matter per unit length, area, or volume.



Mass

kilograms (kg)

a quantity or aggregate of matter that a body possesses as evidenced by inertia.



electron

9.109 x 10-31 kg

proton

1.673 x 10-27 kg

uranium atom
(238)

3.983 x 10-25 kg

DNA molecule
(human)

2.01 x 10-19 kg

Hope diamond

9.10 x 10-3 kg


ping pong ball

2.5 x 10-3 kg

golf ball

.0459 kg

billard ball

.17 kg

tennis ball

.057 kg

baseball
(major league)

.142 kg

football
(NFL)

.426 kg

basketball
(NBA)

.625 kg

bowling ball

7.2 kg



mosquito

5 x 10-5 kg

mouse

.015 kg

cat
(domestic male)

5.0 kg

dog
(greyhound)

22.5 kg

cheetah

55 kg

human
(adult male)

86 kg

race horse

550 kg

elephant
(African male)

7200 kg

blue whale

1.36 x 105 kg

tyranosaurus rex

5400 kg



motorcycle
(Honda 650)

205 kg

small car
(Dodge Omni)

952.5 kg

Corvette

1460 kg

M1A1 Tank

6.12 x 104 kg

box car
(empty)

7.0 x 104 kg

Space Shuttle
(empty)

7.5 x 104 kg

Space Shuttle
(with cargo)

9.9 x 104 kg

box car
(with cargo)

1.38 x 105 kg

large locomotive
(steam)

5.4 x 105 kg

Freight train
(100 car, loaded)

9.98 x 106 kg

aircraft carrier
(JFK class)

7.3 x 107 kg



Eiffel Tower

9.16 x 106 kg

Golden Gate Bridge

8.05 x 108 kg

Grand Coulee Dam

1.27 x 1010 kg



Rock of Gibraltar

1.78 x 1012 kg

arctic iceberg

1.07 x 108 kg

antarctic iceberg

4.50 x 1013 kg

Mt. Rainier

1.23 x 1015 kg

Ceres
(large asteroid)

6.0 x 1019 kg

Io
(Jupiter's moon)

8.92 x 1022 kg

Moon

7.34 x 1022 kg

Earth

5.97 x 1024 kg

Jupiter

1.9 x 1027 kg



Betelgeuse
(red giant star)

2.0 x 1029 kg

Sun

1.99 x 1030 kg

Rigel
(blue supergiant star)

2.0 x 1031 kg

Pleiades
(open star cluster)

9.94 x 1032 kg

M8
(Lagooon Nebula)

5.17 x 1033 kg

M13
(globular star cluster)

9.94 x 1035 kg



Milky Way
(large galaxy)

2.0 x 1041 kg

Local Group
(galaxy cluster)

8.0 x 1041 kg

galactic core
(supermassive blackhole)

2.0 x 1038 kg

Local Supercluster
(of galaxies)

2.0 x 1045 kg

Observable Universe
(if H0 = 80)

2.0 x 1053 kg





Velocity

meters per second (m/s)

the relative speed and direction of a body.



photon
(in a vacuum)

2.998 x 108 m/s

electron
(neutral hydrogen)

2.19 x 106 m/s



baseball
(fast ball)

44.7 m/s

tennis ball
(pro serve)

62.5 m/s

basketball
(free throw)

7.65 m/s



slug
(large)

1.85 x 10-3 m/s

dog
(greyhound)

17.8 m/s

cheetah

31.3 m/s

human
(olympic sprinter)

10.1 m/s

race horse

13.9 m/s

elephant
(African)

5.56 m/s

tyranosaurus rex

6.94 m/s



38 caliber bullet

182 m/s

car
(freeway)

31.3 m/s

race car
(formula 1)

98.3 m/s

M1A1 Tank

18.8 m/s

Space Shuttle
(in orbit)

7.6 x 103 m/s

Freight train

35.7 m/s

aircraft carrier
(JFK class)

15.43 m/s



Mercury

4.79 x 104 m/s

Earth

2.98 x 104 m/s

Jupiter

1.31 x 104 m/s

Pluto

4.74 x 103 m/s



Sun
(relative to galactic core)

2.2 x 105 m/s

Pleiades
(open star cluster)

4.0 x 104 m/s

M13
(globular star cluster)

2.2 x 105 m/s



Acceleration

meters per second squared (m/s2)

the rate of change of the speed or direction of a body.



flea
(jumping)

1960 m/s2

cheetah

7.8 m/s2



football tackle
(fullspeed collision)

390 m/s2

car crash
(high speed)

6860 m/s2



44 magnum bullet

3.05 x 105 m/s2

car
(rolling start)

.7 m/s2

Space Shuttle

29.4 m/s2



Earth
(surface gravity)

9.8 m/s2

Moon
(surface gravity)

1.62 m/s2

Sun
(surface gravity)

274 m/s2



Momentum

kilograms times meters per second (kgm/s)

the property of a body defined by its mass multiplied by its velocity.



electron
(neutral hydrogen)

1.99 x 10-24 kgm/s



dog
(greyhound)

401 kgm/s

cheetah

1722 kgm/s

human
(olympic sprinter)

870 kgm/s

race horse

7645 kgm/s

elephant
(African male)

4.0 x 104 kgm/s

tyranosaurus rex

3.8 x 104 kgm/s



38 caliber bullet
(2" barrel)

50 caliber rifle

hunting arrow
(80lb bow)



baseball
(fast ball)

6.35 kgm/s

tennis ball
(pro serve)

3.56 kgm/s

basketball
(free throw)

4.78 kgm/s



motorcycle
(650, freeway)

6.4 x 103 kgm/s

small car
(freeway)

3.0 x 104 kgm/s

M1A1 Tank

1.15 x 106 kgm/s

Space Shuttle
(empty)

5.7 x 108 kgm/s

Space Shuttle
(with cargo)

7.5 x 108 kgm/s

freight train
(100 cars loaded)

3.56 x 108 kgm/s

aircraft carrier
(JFK class)

1.1 x 109 kgm/s



Mercury

1.58 x 1028 kgm/s

Earth

1.78 x 1029 kgm/s

Jupiter

2.48 x 1031 kgm/s

Pluto

6.45 x 1025 kgm/s



Sun

4.37 x 1035 kgm/s

Pleiades
(open star cluster)

4.00 x 1037 kgm/s

M13
(globular star cluster)

2.19 x 1041 kgm/s



Radius

meters (m)

the length of a straight line from the center of a circle or sphere, to its edge or surface.



proton

5 x 10-15 m

neutral hydrogen

5 x 10-11 m



ping pong ball

.0189 m

golf ball

.0213 m

billard ball

.0286 m

tennis ball

.0320 m

baseball

.0374 m

basketball

.120 m

bowling ball

.109 m



arctic iceberg

30.5 m

antarctic iceberg
(disk shaped)

4000 m

Mt. Rainier
(base)

9097 m

Moon

1.74 x 106 m

Earth

6.378 x 106 m

Jupiter

7.14 x 107 m

Pluto

1.12 x 106 m



Sun

6.96 x 108 m

Betelgeuse
(red giant star)

2.09 x 1011 m

Pleiades
(open star cluster)

4.62 x 1016 m

Orion Nebula

9.25 x 1016 m

M13
(globular star cluster)

7.71 x 1017 m



Milky Way
(large galaxy)

4.73 x 1020 m

Local Group
(galaxy cluster)

1.54 x 1022 m

galactic core
(supermassive blackhole)

2.97 x 1011 m

Virgo supercluster
(of galaxies)

4.63 x 1022 m

Observable Universe
(if H0 = 80)

1.16 x 1026 m



Density

kilograms per meter, meters squared, or meters cubed (kg/m, kg/m2, kg/m3)

the quantity of matter per unit length, area, or volume.



proton

3.20 x 1015 kg/m3

hydrogen atom

3.20 x 103 kg/m3



ping pong ball

88.4 kg/m3

baseball

648 kg/m3

basketball

86.3 kg/m3

bowling ball

1.33 x 103 kg/m3



Rock of Gibraltar

2.00 x 103 kg/m3

Moon

3.3 x 103 kg/m3

Earth

5.5 x 103 kg/m3

Jupiter

1.25 x 103 kg/m3



Sun

1.4 x 103 kg/m3

Betelgeuse
(red giant star)

5.23 x 10-6 kg/m3

Pleiades
(open star cluster)

2.41 x 10-18 kg/m3

Lagoon Nebula

1.56 x 10-18 kg/m3

M13
(globular star cluster)

5.18 x 10-19 kg/m3



Milky Way
(large galaxy)

4.51 x 10-22 kg/m3

Local Group
(galaxy cluster)

5.23 x 10-26 kg/m3

galactic core
(supermassive blackhole)

1.82 x 103 kg/m3

Virgo supercluster
(of galaxies)

4.81 x 10-24 kg/m3

Observable Universe
(if H0 = 80)

3.06 x 10-26 kg/m3








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